New research suggests that GLP-1 medications, often used for diabetes, can help people with mental illness lose weight, manage blood sugar, and improve their mood. These drugs may also reduce weight gain caused by psychiatric medications.
The findings were presented at the 2024 European Congress on Obesity in Málaga, Spain.
“GLP-1 drugs could be just as safe and helpful for people with mental illness as they are for others,” said Dr. Sigrid Breit, lead researcher from the University of Bern in Switzerland.
Mental Illness and Weight Gain
People with mental illnesses like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are more likely to be overweight or obese. Many psychiatric medications, such as antidepressants, can make this worse.
What Are GLP-1 Medications?
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) like liraglutide and semaglutide help control blood sugar and reduce hunger, leading to weight loss. They were first used for diabetes but are now used to treat obesity as well.
Study Results
The review of 36 studies with over 25,000 adults found that GLP-1 medications led to:
- Significant weight loss
- Improved blood sugar control
- Better mood and quality of life
Weight Loss Results
Liraglutide helped people with schizophrenia lose up to 5.3 kg more than those on a placebo.
Semaglutide helped people on antidepressants lose up to 15.7% of their body weight over 16 months.
No Increased Risk of Suicidal Thoughts
The studies found no link between GLP-1 medications and increased suicidal thoughts or behavior, even in people with mental health conditions. However, Dr. Breit advised careful monitoring.
Mood Benefits
GLP-1 medications also improved emotional well-being in people with and without mental illness, including better mood and quality of life.
Why GLP-1 Helps Mood
GLP-1 medications may reduce brain inflammation and have antioxidant effects, which could help improve mood and reduce anxiety or depression symptoms.
While the results are promising, researchers say more studies are needed to confirm long-term effects and whether GLP-1 medications can treat mental illness directly.
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