As Texas braces for another sweltering summer, new research highlights a growing public health concern: rising heat risks for pregnant women. A report by Climate Central, in collaboration with ABC13, reveals that the number of extremely hot days—defined as days with temperatures at or above 98°F—is on the rise, especially in states like Texas.
The study, conducted on a state-by-state basis, focuses on the annual count of these high-temperature days. Notably, the research does not factor in the heat index, which includes humidity—a significant omission for Southeast Texas, where tropical dew points often make the air feel significantly hotter than the actual temperature.
Texas Sees Sharp Increase in Extreme Heat Days
Over a four-year period, Texas saw an increase of 17 days annually with temperatures reaching or exceeding 98°F. For expectant mothers in Houston and other parts of the state, this translates into nearly five weeks of heightened risk during the summer months—up from just two weeks in 2020.
This trend has serious implications for maternal and fetal health. “Extreme heat is now one of the most pressing threats to pregnant people worldwide,” said Dr. Bruce Bekkar, a women’s health physician and researcher focused on climate-related health outcomes. “It’s pushing more pregnancies into high-risk territory, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare.”
Heat-Related Pregnancy Risks
Doctors say that while the usual risks of pregnancy—such as hypertension and gestational diabetes—are well known, the addition of extreme heat can significantly worsen these outcomes. Pregnant individuals are more vulnerable to dehydration and cardiovascular strain during hot weather. These stressors can, in turn, lead to:
- Gestational diabetes
- Pregnancy-induced hypertension
- Preterm birth
- Low birth weight
These outcomes don’t just affect the short-term health of mother and baby. Studies have shown that babies born preterm or underweight are more likely to face developmental challenges and chronic illnesses later in life.
Nationwide Trends: Southwest States See Sharpest Increases
On a national level, the United States has seen an average of 12 more heat-risk days for pregnant women each year. States in the desert Southwest—such as New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah—have experienced the sharpest rises in temperature extremes.
This pattern underscores the urgency of addressing heat as a public health issue, particularly in vulnerable populations such as pregnant individuals, seniors, and low-income communities.
Expert Advice: How Pregnant Women Can Stay Safe
To mitigate these risks, health professionals recommend the following precautions for pregnant women during periods of extreme heat:
- Stay indoors during peak heat hours (usually between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m.)
- Hydrate frequently, even if you’re not thirsty
- Use fans or air conditioning to keep cool
- Wear lightweight, breathable clothing
- Monitor your body for signs of heat stress, including dizziness, fatigue, or swelling
Women who work outdoors or in non-air-conditioned settings are especially encouraged to consult with their healthcare providers during the summer months.
A Call for Health and Climate Awareness
This study not only highlights the direct impact of climate change on maternal health, but also reflects a broader trend of rising health vulnerabilities tied to extreme weather. Recent findings from the University of Southern California further show that adults over 56 living in hot neighborhoods may age biologically faster than those in cooler areas.
Public health experts are now urging governments and communities to integrate climate resilience into maternal healthcare policies. “We can’t separate climate from health anymore,” Dr. Bekkar said. “They are intrinsically linked—and that link is only getting stronger.”
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