Lara Shayne, a 56-year-old labor lawyer from North Center, experienced a frightening heart event shortly after entering menopause. During a routine workout, she suddenly struggled to breathe and felt intense chest pressure. Medical tests revealed an 80% blockage in a major heart artery, requiring emergency angioplasty and a stent to prevent a potentially fatal heart attack.
Shayne’s story highlights a critical but often overlooked health issue: menopause significantly increases women’s risk of cardiovascular disease. While menopause itself does not cause heart disease, the sharp decline in estrogen levels during this life stage triggers changes that can accelerate heart-related problems. Despite this, many women and even some healthcare providers remain unaware of the risks.
Why Menopause Affects Heart Health
Menopause is defined as the end of menstruation for at least one year, typically occurring around age 51. However, estrogen levels begin to fall during perimenopause, the transitional phase leading up to menopause. This hormonal shift impacts heart health in several ways:
Cholesterol changes: LDL (“bad”) cholesterol rises, while HDL (“good”) cholesterol decreases.
Blood pressure increases: Elevated blood pressure strains the heart and arteries.
Body composition shifts: Muscle mass declines and body fat increases.
Blood vessel health declines: Arteries stiffen, reducing their ability to regulate blood flow.
Sleep disturbances: Common symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats can worsen cardiovascular risk.
Dr. Priya Freaney, a Northwestern University cardiologist, explains that estrogen naturally protects blood vessels by maintaining endothelial function, which helps arteries relax and regulate blood pressure. When estrogen drops, arteries become more prone to plaque buildup, increasing the likelihood of chest pain and heart attacks.
The Heart Disease Reality for Women
Heart disease remains the leading cause of death among women in the U.S. and Chicago, accounting for 42% of cardiovascular deaths in the city. Women who experience premature menopause (before age 40) face even greater risks. Family history also plays a significant role; Shayne’s father died of a heart attack at 43, compounding her risk.
Despite these facts, many women do not receive adequate counseling about heart health during menopause. Awareness gaps persist between patients and healthcare providers, underscoring the need for better education and proactive care.
Practical Steps to Protect Heart Health
Fortunately, lifestyle changes can significantly reduce cardiovascular risks associated with menopause:
Exercise regularly: Aim for 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity (like brisk walking or tennis) or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise (running, swimming) weekly. Incorporate strength training to maintain muscle mass.
Eat a heart-healthy diet: Emphasize Mediterranean-style meals rich in lean proteins (chicken, turkey, fish), vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. Limit fried foods, sweets, tobacco, and excessive alcohol.
Manage weight and blood pressure: Maintain a healthy body weight and monitor blood pressure regularly.
Prioritize sleep and stress management: Good sleep quality supports heart health and overall well-being.
Dr. Tochi Okwuosa of Rush University Medical Center encourages women to find enjoyable physical activities like dancing or biking to stay active long-term.
Conclusion
Menopause marks a pivotal time for women’s cardiovascular health. Understanding the risks and adopting healthy habits can help women navigate this transition safely. Healthcare providers should prioritize heart health discussions with menopausal patients to close awareness gaps and prevent life-threatening events like Lara Shayne’s near heart attack.
By staying informed and proactive, women can protect their hearts and enjoy healthier lives well beyond menopause.
