New research reveals that men carrying two copies of a common genetic variant in the HFE gene have double the risk of developing dementia compared to women. The findings, published in Neurology, come from an analysis of data collected during the large ASPREE trial, which studied healthy older adults in Australia and the USA.
The Role of the HFE Gene and Dementia Risk
The HFE gene is important for regulating iron levels in the body. A variant called H63D is present in about one in three people as a single copy, which does not increase dementia risk. However, approximately one in 36 individuals carry two copies of this variant, and men in this group face a significantly higher risk of dementia.
Professor John Olynyk of Curtin Medical School, a co-author of the study, explained, “Having two copies of the H63D variant more than doubles the risk of dementia in men, but not in women. This suggests a gender-specific effect that requires further investigation.”
Why Does This Risk Affect Men More?
Interestingly, the study found no direct connection between blood iron levels and dementia risk in men with the variant. This indicates that other mechanisms, such as inflammation or brain cell damage, might contribute to the increased vulnerability.
Professor Olynyk noted, “The HFE gene is already tested for haemochromatosis in many Western countries. Our findings suggest that broader screening for men could help identify those at higher risk for dementia.”
Implications for Prevention and Treatment
Co-author Professor Paul Lacaze from Monash University emphasized the potential for personalized medicine: “With over 400,000 Australians living with dementia, understanding genetic risk factors like the double H63D variant can lead to targeted prevention strategies and treatments.”
The study highlights the importance of collaborative research efforts in uncovering the complex causes of dementia and improving health outcomes globally.
Practical Advice for Readers
Genetic Testing Awareness: Men with a family history of dementia or haemochromatosis might consider discussing genetic testing with their healthcare provider.
Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and managing inflammation through medical care can support brain health.
Stay Informed: Advances in genetic research may soon offer new ways to reduce dementia risk, especially for those genetically predisposed.
