A new global study has found that a father’s mental health can affect his child’s development, especially during the early years.
The research, published in JAMA Pediatrics, shows that when fathers experience depression, anxiety, or high stress—especially from pregnancy to two years after birth—their children may have more trouble with learning, social skills, and physical growth.
While many studies have focused on mothers, this research looked at fathers’ mental health and its impact on children from birth to age 18. The study reviewed 84 previous studies, covering thousands of father-child pairs worldwide. It found that children whose fathers had mental health struggles were more likely to have problems with:
- Social-emotional skills (like making friends and managing feelings)
- Cognitive abilities (such as memory, attention, and learning)
- Language development
- Physical health
The effects were strongest in early childhood and infancy. However, the study did not find a link between fathers’ mental health and children’s ability to adapt to change or their motor skills.
Dr. Delyse Hutchinson, the study’s senior author, said, “Supporting fathers is important if we want better outcomes for families.” She explained that becoming a parent is a big change for men, and many experience mental health challenges during this time.
Experts not involved in the study agree that fathers play a key role in their children’s well-being. Dr. Arwa Nasir, a pediatrician, said, “Research on fathers is important, and we need to understand all the ways they can help their children grow and thrive.”
The study cannot prove that a father’s mental health directly causes problems for children. Other factors, like family stress, poverty, or health inequalities, may also play a role. Some experts warn against blaming fathers alone and say society should help all parents by reducing stress and providing support.
The researchers recommend that doctors check on both parents’ mental health during and after pregnancy. Programs that support fathers, such as counseling and peer groups, can help. Fathers are encouraged to talk to their doctors if they feel down, anxious, or stressed. Early support can make a difference for both dads and their children.
Dr. Hutchinson said, “It’s never too late for fathers to take care of their mental health. Every stage of a child’s life is important.”
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