Mood swings, constant fatigue, and trouble focusing are often seen as signs of depression in women. But experts say these symptoms could also point to something else entirely—perimenopause, a natural hormonal transition that begins before menopause.
Perimenopause typically starts in a woman’s 40s. During this time, estrogen and progesterone levels in the body fluctuate unpredictably. These hormonal shifts don’t just affect the menstrual cycle—they can also disrupt mood, energy levels, and mental clarity.
Understanding the Hormonal Link
Estrogen plays a key role in stabilizing mood. When its levels drop, as they often do during perimenopause, women may experience mood swings, anxiety, or irritability. These symptoms closely mimic those of clinical depression, which makes it hard to tell the difference without proper medical evaluation.
Progesterone, another important hormone, has a calming effect on the brain. Falling levels of this hormone can cause sleep problems, stress sensitivity, and tiredness. These issues often appear similar to depressive symptoms, making misdiagnosis more likely.
How to Spot the Difference
While many symptoms overlap, certain signs are more specific to perimenopause. These include hot flashes, night sweats, irregular periods, vaginal dryness, and changes in sex drive. When these are paired with emotional or mental challenges, it could signal a hormonal imbalance rather than a mental health disorder.
Why Accurate Diagnosis Matters
Mistaking perimenopause for depression can lead to the wrong treatment. Antidepressants may help with mood but won’t fix the root hormonal issues. Instead, hormone therapy, non-hormonal treatments, and lifestyle changes—like improved sleep habits and stress reduction—can be more effective.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Women in their 40s or early 50s who feel persistently low or emotionally unsteady should consult a gynecologist. A thorough review of medical history, hormone testing, and—when necessary—mental health support can help pinpoint the real cause of symptoms.
Raising Awareness, Improving Care
Recognizing the signs of perimenopause empowers women to take control of their health. It also helps healthcare providers offer the right care and avoid unnecessary medications.
“Perimenopause is not just a reproductive change—it affects overall health,” said Dr. Ashwin Shetty, Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology at Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital in Mumbai. “Understanding this phase is essential for providing the right support to women.”
Knowing the difference between depression and hormone-driven symptoms is a crucial step in getting women the treatment they need—and deserve.
