A large study in the United States shows that strict calorie-cutting diets could harm mental health. The effect seems stronger for people who are already overweight.
The research, published in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, looked at more than 28,000 adults. It found that people who followed very low-calorie diets reported more symptoms of depression. This was especially true for men and those with higher body mass indexes (BMIs).
The study also found that diet quality matters. People who ate a lot of processed foods, sugar, and saturated fats had worse depression symptoms. Those who followed Mediterranean-style diets tended to feel better.
Dr. Venkat Bhat, the lead author, warned, “Be careful with very strict or unbalanced diets, especially if you already face weight-related stress.”
However, the study only shows a link, not a cause. Dr. Kary Woodruff, who was not involved in the study, said, “Someone might think they are on a calorie-restricted diet, but they could actually be eating more calories than they realize.”
Some other studies found different results. For example, supervised calorie restriction can sometimes improve mood. Dr. Johanna Keeler, who co-wrote a 2023 study, explained, “Unsupervised dieting might cause nutritional gaps, which can make depression worse.”
Cutting calories too much may also cause nutrient deficiencies. This can lead to tiredness, sleep troubles, and trouble focusing. Woodruff suggested, “Following a healthy diet with mild to moderate calorie cuts may help improve mood and reduce depression.”
Experts recommend balanced eating instead of strict restrictions. Dietitian Natalie Mokari advised, “Look at your plate. Does it have protein, carbs, healthy fats, and fiber from fruits and vegetables?”
Bhat stressed the importance of personalized diet plans that consider mental health. Woodruff added, “Working with a registered dietitian can help you find a healthy diet that suits your needs.”
