Former U.S. President Joe Biden has been diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer, bringing renewed attention to one of the most common cancers affecting men. Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate gland grow uncontrollably, and it’s especially common among older men.
While prostate cancer is a leading concern, it’s just one of many forms of cancer that disproportionately affect men. From skin cancer to leukemia, understanding the most prevalent male cancers—and their early warning signs—is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment.
Here are the 10 most common cancers in men, along with symptoms, risk factors, and prevention tips.
1. Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, especially those over 50. According to the American Cancer Society, around 1 in 8 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime.
Key symptoms:
- Difficulty urinating
- Weak or interrupted urine stream
- Blood in urine or semen
- Pain in the hips or lower back
- Erectile dysfunction
Prevention Tip: Regular PSA screenings after age 50, or earlier for those with a family history, can help detect it early.
2. Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer includes cancers of the colon and rectum, and is the third most common cancer worldwide. It often affects individuals over 50.
Warning signs:
- Chronic constipation or diarrhea
- Blood in stool
- Abdominal pain or cramps
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent fatigue
Risk factors include: High intake of processed meats, low fiber diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, and alcohol.
Healthy habit: Eat more fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, and get regular colonoscopies starting at age 45.
3. Lung Cancer
Lung cancer remains the deadliest cancer among men, leading to more fatalities than prostate and colorectal cancers combined.
Common symptoms:
- Persistent cough
- Coughing up blood
- Chest pain
- Hoarseness
- Shortness of breath
Main cause: Smoking is the top risk factor, though non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to exposure to radon, air pollution, or genetics.
Prevention tip: Quitting smoking significantly lowers risk—regardless of age.
4. Skin Cancer
Men who spend significant time outdoors without sun protection are at increased risk for skin cancer, including melanoma, the deadliest form.
Early signs include:
- A new or changing mole
- An irregular mole shape or color
- A sore that doesn’t heal
Prevention tip: Use broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen daily and wear protective clothing, especially during peak sun hours.
5. Testicular Cancer
Though less common overall, testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men aged 15 to 45. It’s also one of the most treatable when detected early.
Watch for:
- A lump or swelling in the testicle
- A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
- Pain in the lower abdomen or back
- Fatigue and unexplained weight loss
Tip: Perform monthly self-exams and seek medical attention for any abnormalities.
6. Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer is more common in men over 55 and in those with a history of smoking.
Key signs:
- Blood in urine
- Pain during urination
- Frequent urination
Preventive measures: Avoid tobacco and drink plenty of water to help flush toxins from the bladder.
7. Pancreatic Cancer
Often termed a “silent killer,” pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect early and tends to progress rapidly.
Symptoms may include:
- Persistent abdominal or back pain
- Jaundice (yellowing skin and eyes)
- Sudden weight loss
- Nausea and loss of appetite
Healthy tip: Managing weight, avoiding smoking, and a balanced diet may help lower risk.
8. Leukemia
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, and it includes several subtypes such as AML, CML, ALL, and CLL.
Symptoms to note:
Frequent infections
- Fatigue
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Bone or joint pain
Diagnosis: Blood tests and bone marrow biopsies are often required for confirmation.
9. Esophageal Cancer
This cancer affects the esophagus, the tube connecting the throat to the stomach. It’s more common in men, especially those who smoke or drink heavily.
Signs include:
- Difficulty swallowing
- Chest discomfort
- Chronic heartburn
- Hoarseness
- Unexplained weight loss
Prevention: Avoid tobacco, reduce alcohol intake, and treat chronic acid reflux.
10. Liver and Bile Duct Cancer
Liver cancer, including bile duct cancers, is more frequent in men, particularly those with chronic liver conditions.
Symptoms may include:
- Jaundice
- Abdominal swelling or pain
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Weight loss
Risk factors: Hepatitis B and C, heavy alcohol use, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Prevention: Get vaccinated against hepatitis B, limit alcohol, and maintain a healthy weight.
Final Thoughts
Joe Biden’s recent prostate cancer diagnosis is a powerful reminder that men’s health should never be overlooked. Routine screenings, a balanced diet, exercise, and awareness of early symptoms can significantly improve outcomes.
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